There are rando bikes and touring bikes in theory, but in the real world I think you're more likely to see a touring bike used for touring than a "rando" bike used for randonneuring. In my brevet experience, I've seen very few (less than 5) actual rando bikes. The vast majority are road bikes....lots of carbon, lots of titanium. In a real-life brevet you just don't need to carry all that much stuff. A large seatbag (sometimes on a seatpost rack) and a camelbak are usually plenty. You see some handlebar bags too for convenience, but most rando bikes I've seen are really nothing like a touring bike. But of course you could easily use a touring bike as a rando bike.

Some of my rando bikes. I've got others too, including steel bikes. Ignore the wheels, they get switched around. Any bike going on a brevet that includes night riding will get a front wheel with a dynamo hub.




My touring bike: