Well, as pointed out above, having licenses for bicycles is rather counterproductive. The reason for this is that it is hard to justify a tax high enough to cover the administrative costs of running the program. In the USA, the cost of roads comes largely from the general taxes. So everyone who pays taxes, contributes to the roads already.

Also, wear and tear on roads is proportional to the weight of the vehicle. Bicycles are so light as to do virtually zero damage to the roads. So wear and tear by bikes is not an issue. Another aspect is that bicycles take up relatively little space on the roads. How many cyclists can ride in one lane of traffic compared to the number of automobiles? It is probably something close to ten times as many. So as people switch to bikes, one should see less road congestion, not more.

As for speed, bikes in most urban and even suburban settings are faster than automobiles. The local papef used to run a "race" between a cyclist and an auto on an annual basis around here. For something like 20 years running, the bike won.