Bike set up. Check the saddle is right height and position and work from there.
I went road 4 years ago and took the usual route of geezer configuration and set the bike up with the bars level with the saddle. New style of riding for me and it was 6 months before I was comfortable in the drop position- 20 secs there and the back was screaming.
But the bikewas never really comfortable. some mild back ache used to come in after 3 hours riding and that was with some stretching- changing hand positions and even stopping and stretching.
But a year later and I got another bike. Different beastie this one in a Race geometry frame. Longer top tube and the LBS set the bars up 4" below the saddle.I had my doubts but the shop told me to ride it and see. That longer stretched out position suited me and my back.
It did seem wrong at the time and went against all that I had heard about back problems- but some of us are comfortable if vertical stress is taken off the spine.