Of the big companies, Scott, Cannondale, Trek, Felt, Cervelo, (and a few others), I don't think there is a bad bike over $2500. Each company has differing sales points, but of the companies above, and their bikes in the $2500-3500, I don't think any would fail your criteria of "allow a rider to develop and build without having to be replaced".

I would go ride some bikes and see what you like. A personal favorite choice thats readily available with your budget would be a Cannondale SuperSix Rival with upgraded wheelset.