If you have that unique kind of severe damage to a tire near an outdoor shooting range, you need to take the wheel, tire and tube to the local police dept/sherriffs dept for examination.

The huge variety of types of rounds at such a range with the differing calibers, loads, velocities and bullet designs could conceivably result in the type of damage you describe. A spent ricochet round could be the culprit. The range in question may have a safety issue that needs to be addressed before some passerby gets injured.

Even if you no longer have the damaged equipment you should approach the controlling law enforcement agency and at least raise the issue.

You'll feel a lot better down the road if some kid gets injured by a bullet in the same locale.