I ride strictly with toe clips and straps and had the same issue. I've had success with "driving" or "motorsport" shoes. Adidas and Puma both make some.

Right now I rock Saucony track (running) shoes...there's like nothing to them, they have a very slim profile which is what you want for toe clips.
In cool weather I've got a pair of leather Hush Puppies that are awesome.

My best successes have been when I rode my bike to the shoe store and just brought it in with me and tried on shoes with my bike. It makes sense.