559 is the bead seat diameter of the rim (in millimeters)- you have the common "mountain bike" size wheels. 17 is the inside width (in millimeters) of the rim- fairly narrow, but not unusual.

The tires fit without blowing off the rim, so you're past the first hurdle. 1.95" (50mm or so) is a smidgen wide for that rim, IMO, but not excessively so. If you're OK with them, run 'em until they fall off.

A "faster" option would be narrow slicks: 1.25" (32mm). Usually these accept higher pressure- up to 100 psi. I had a set of Tioga City Slickers on my old Fisher mountain bike- it made a very nice commuter.

Tubes don't matter unless they're so big they prevent the tire from seating properly.