So took the wheels to the LBS today, front was salvageable back was shaped like and egg

so i went ahead and bought a new rear and had the LBS true up the the front. because the extra cost of a new wheel i couldnt go with gatorskins. I forgot what brand they were but i got red-walled ones to match the red spadling blade stickers and picked up red bar tape too.
took the bike home and youtube'd how to adjust derailleur/gears, did that and cleaned the bike as it had a ton of grease everywhere.
I took it for few test spins around the block, and its 100x faster than my beach cruiser but i am having a hard time getting accustom to the stem shifter.
I for the life of me couldnt get the brakes adjusted to stop safely but after looking at the pads they dont look good and front looks warn uneven. so new pads will be happening. any rec's for good ones?
i cant figure out how to tighten the brake lever to the bar, i peeled back the rubber thing and found no screws? so its all wiggley which is not safe, help?
also i found a few rust spots on the seat tube and seat post, what is the best way to fix it up?