In my region , which the Highway officials call "District Ten" of the New York State DOT. (though we locals refer to it as Long Island), the new roads are hot rolled asphalt. Nassau County does a better job than the state of NY.
Repaving is done quite meticulously. First the road is marked up with white spray paint. Second , patches of badly broken asphalt are cut out with a diamond rotary saw, and replaced with fresh hot rolled asphalt. Then the whole road way is covered with two inches of hot rolled asphalt.

In other words, the roads are repaired before they are paved over with new asphalt.

It doesn't always work as planned. Most of the bad areas break up again, and it always seems that there is water seeping out of the ground in those places. Perhaps they paved over a natural spring? In front of my house in Matinecock, they actually dug down 5 feet, replaced all the clay soil and rocks with fresh aggregate, and installed a "French Drain" , or 12 inch diameter perforated pipe, and connected that to the storm drain. They also replaced the Kerb in front of my house. Kerbs in general seal out water , to prevent the road from being undermined by frost heave. When water gets under the tarmac and freezes, it expands (as ice) , and breaks the tarmac into small pieces.