As others have said it does come down to how far you need to go and how messy you get in transit. It also has to do with what you can store at your job. My commute is a little over 20 miles and I sweat pretty profusely, so I commute in shorts and a jersey and change in the rest room at work. It's a small office and the rest room is a one person, lock the door and nobody comes in type deal. After a couple unscented baby wipes, deodorant and some gold bond, nobody would be the wiser about how I got there, if my bike wasn't sitting in my office. I shave at home before I ride & sometimes my chin strap will irritate the bottom of my jaw, so a little dab of post shave balm helps with that. I'm lucky enough to have a job where I can keep a dopp kit with all my toiletries in my office instead of having to transport them every day.

It's business casual where I work, so pretty much all week long it is trousers and button downs. All my clothes for the day come & go with me in a pannier; my shoes and belt live at the office unless they need to come home for a shining. Typically I can arrange for that to occur on a day that I am driving.

I can't tell you about the Dutch, but that's how I do it.