There are a lot of questions here. One thing I'll say having been a newbie not so long ago is that a lot of these decisions become more complicated than they seem, and sometimes more complicated than they should be. Do you have a total budget in mind?

The first thing you'll want to do before buying anything is to do some reading. I'd start here: http://www.sheldonbrown.com/fixed.html
Sheldon's Brown's site has a huge wealth of information. Also, you can search old threads on this site by Googling the term you're looking for (e.g. "choosing pedals") and include "site:bikeforums.net" in your search terms.

Also, I would add a front brake and lever to your shopping list. And a helmet. ;-)