The differences between bicycle types is small and they blend together. They sit on a spectrum.

It's sort-of like this.

racing -> performance road -> [ "sport touring" -> cyclocross -> randonee ] -> touring -> hybrid -> mountain bikes.

The order of [ "sport touring" -> cyclocross -> randonee ] might not always be as listed.

It's important to realize that the labels (eg, "hybrid") don't have precise meanings and what they refer to can change over time.

There are some hybrids that are closer to a touring bike and others that are closer to mountain bikes. Hybrids often come (now) with suspension forks, which are not really needed for road use. Hybrids are also often set-up for more casual riders (for example, they often have wide seats and have very upright postures).