That is a drive side bottom bracket cup or bearing race. There is a special tool for removing the piece but I do not have one. And, I have removed lots of these guys, during
Bottom Bracket Rebuilds, using an adjustable wrench, which is quite effective is done properly...
Don't just grab an adjustable and get at it. Take the time to look through the article and ensure you understand what you are doing.
Hope this is a help.