Here is what ive used throughout my career thus far, I live in Northern Ontario so you can imagine what its like here.

old ccm single speed cruisers (quite a few different ones), either 26X 1-3/4" wheels (which are fairly close to 1.95" mtn tires in diameter, but just a fairly basic tire with some sort of tread pattern), or 28 X 1 1/2 rims (kind of like 700c X 35c).
70's cheap 10sp road bike with alloy 27" wheels, fenders
something like a 1976 ccm targa 10, somewhat upgraded, but a real crappy road bike none the less, had fenders on it and if I remember 27" wheels
early 1980s sekine road bike converted into a fix gear with 700 X 23c tires
Mid 1990s GT road bike, aluminum, 700 X 23c tires, I put this one through 2 winters.

This season I plan to use a cyclo-cross bike ive aquired which I dont like too much fit-wise or looks for that matter, but im like cyclo-cross none-the less so in the future I plan to buy a frameset for cross and which will double as a commuter. Im gonna have it set up with fenders and 28c tires anyway, not knobby tires, they are no good on wet pavement, just a basic tread like what you probably see on that raleigh bicycle you photographed up there. For what its worth everything ive ridden had friction shifting (aside the fix gear which I didnt like too much), downtube shifters when I first started, but eventually discovered bar con shifters so I dont use anything else anymore. Don't bother with indexed shifting its just not gonna work good unless you do daily maintenance which I dont have time for. Grease all your cables up to keep your brakes and shifters from seizing and don't use anything too nice!