I started with the exercises and periodization in Friel and after a decade of fussing with it, came up with the following exercises, in this order:
Leg sled 30 reps
Seated rows 30 reps
Back machine 30 reps or hyperextensions to failure
Barbell squats 30 reps
Pushups to failure
Standing dumbell presses 30 reps
Two-handed triceps cables 30 reps
One-legged calf raises (no weight) to failure
Roman chair to failure

For a ham exercise, you could add straight-legged deadlifts, but be careful.

Start with comfortable weights and add weight over a period of weeks to result in failure once/week near the last reps. Other days, reduce weights to reasonable. Wear a HRM, let HR come down to about 100 between exercises. The period of waiting will get shorter with practice. Keep your blood sugar up.

Takes me about 30 minutes. I do it after my cardio - riding, rollers, stepmill, whatever. A couple of winters of this definitely made me faster on long rides. If you have time, you can work up to doing 3 sets of 30 done circuit style, same weights each set, failure on the last set. I think that works better, but takes more time. I was never sure whether improvement was commensurate with the extra time spent.

Don't do the leg curls or extensions. Concentrate on same muscles, same range of motion as cycling. I advise only doing core work with back straight, thus no situps/crunches.

Thinking about the OP some more, no, base building starts now. This is a part of base building, not separate. Work on base from now until maybe late January when you quit the 3 sets if you've been doing them and depending on your schedule, stop with the 30 reps around March, going down to 8 reps, stop all weights a few weeks before your first A event.