Cycling (except some track events) is an endurance sport, not a strength sport. How will lifting a lot of weight 10 times help you move a tiny amount of weight 80-100 times a second for hours? The adaptations are different.

But if you want to do it anyhow, "Weight Training for Cyclists" is a good book.

I'm 50+ so I need to lift to maintain muscle mass. I also do core work and some upper body so I'll have some muscles to move the bars around when I am standing on climbs. When I was 30 I lifted three days a week and it didn't make me any faster, only more tired.