I just went wheel shopping and was in a very similar position. I didn't care for an aero design as it looks fancy (you might want it for that reason). Aero is mostly for time trials.

The Williams System 30's are highly praised and toward the bottom of your range. $500ish.

I picked up a set of Shimano Dura Ace 7850 C24's from ebay for $600. Its a good time to shop used.