Alright! You've got a ton of great information here to absorb.
Armed with all this knowledge you could take your bike into a good bike shop and ask some specific questions. Is this frame the right size for me? Can this bike be adjusted to fit me? What bikes do you sell that will fit me? What advantages do those new bikes have over the bike I currently own? Will I really notice a difference with the newer, more refined components?
You can then confidently decide what will be best for you.