Some favorites of mine I didn't see mentioned:

Bicycling Medicine, Arnie Baker, M.D. Lots of good medical and health advice from a Doctor and note-worthy racer.

Efffective Cycling, John Forester. If you get this book, the very first thing to read is at the end of chapter 37 (in the revision I have), where he quotes John Scott's description of the Sonora Pass. Forester's breadth and depth of knowledge on cycling is amazing. Some info is dated, some you might disagree with, but everything is worth a read.

Greg LeMond's complete boot of Bicycling, Greg LeMond and Kent Gordis. This one may be out of print, and much of the information seems pretty dated, now. But what I like is that it has a lot of good common sense advice, and seems a lot less "clinical" and fanatical than a lot of books. It's also interesting to read Greg's account of his early (pre-European) career. To hear him tell it, racing and winning came as easily to him as breathing.