In the UK, there are some streets that have bike right of way in the contraflow direction.
In some larger cities, esp central London, whole quarters are designed with one-way to prevent rat-running (cars sneaking short cuts though the small streets). Usually there is a small section of connecting one-way that prevents through-traffic. Sometimes this is legal for cyclists to use, sometimes not. Being illegal seems to have no effect and I would happily ride illegal contraflow on an narrow , empty street rather than play dodge the bus on main roads.