Sounds like you had a "high-side" meaning you lost control, got sideways, and were thrown over the bike. Bike tumbled behind you, wheel likely was damaged during that. Always better to have a "low-side" meaning you lay the bike down and slide behind it. Often a high-side means you fought the crash too long.

As to what started the loss of control, most likely started with excessive speed in a curve. Add bumps or ripples in the road, loose surface, braking, etc and it isn't hard to crash.

Next time, control your speed and get your braking done before the curve.

You can have the bike inspected but it may not tell you much. The wheel is still on the fork, so the axle nuts held (there is no quick release). The tire is still on the rim and looks more or less inflated, so not a big blowout. Can't really tell, but the spokes seem intact and present. I don't see anything glaring.

Have a shop replace the front wheel and check the bike over, then get back on and ride.