I've got the Google Nexus, and it takes great photos, and you can snap them in very fast succession.
I just tested it, and with the security turned off (so that I don't have to unlock by face recognition or pattern), I was able to turn on the screen, and snap 5 photos in only about 3 seconds total. It takes about 1.5 seconds to the first photo, then others will snap pretty much as quickly as you can press the button.
It's got Android 4.0 (I.C.S.). It automatically uploads your photos to your Google account (mine is set to only upload while connected to WiFi). The only thing I don't like about it is that you can't use a MicroSD card (same as iPhone)...but since the photos are automatically uploaded to Google, you don't need to store them on the phone.
The camera quality is very nice, too. Here's one I took several months ago:
And one that I snapped during a ride last week:
