What kind of geometry are you looking for? My Wabi classic has a "classic" road racer geometry rather than track, and a frameset w/ fork and headset is $375. The quality's nice and it's fairly light. A complete bike costs $695, and the spec is generic but better than other "factory direct" builds. A used Jamis Sputnik would cost less than $700 unless it's got fancy parts put on.

However, I won't dissuade you from a build-up. It's fun. You have options that fit your budget: get a good quality frameset and put some decent parts on it, or max out your budget on a super nice parts build. Make a list of everything you need, and plan a bit extra in case you mess something up.

You also need a few bike-specific tools: BB tool, chain whip, chain tool, cable cutter, a few good wrenches (a short 15mm will always come in handy) so you're not using an adjustable for everything. A 3 prong hex wrench is cheap and will also come in handy over time.

I have Bicycling Magazine's Bicycle Maintenance and Repair (don't laugh) because it cost me $5 and I also have geared bikes. There's a lot on the internet, but it's nice to have a book. The basics are the same. Brakes, headsets, BB installation, wheel truing.

You'll also come away with a better appreciation for a good LBS.

Whatever you do, make sure you get a couple of good locks BEFORE you lock it up for the first time.