Originally Posted by FBinNY

It's perfectly normal for a crashed or otherwise hyper-stressed wheel to go out of true. IMO if a wheel is subjected to excess stress and doesn't suffer, it was overbuilt, and heavier than necessary.

Most people think of spokes in terms of tensile strength, or the amount of load they can take before breaking. But for the types of stainless steels used for spokes there's the much lower (50-60% or tensile) yield strength. The yield strength is how much load the material can take before it exceeds it's elastic limit and deforms permanently.

Imagine a scale. If used within it's rated capacity the spring will return to the original length when the load is removed. But if you overload it the spring gets stretched out and the scale won't go back to zero and will now always read high, unless the zero point is reset to match the modified spring. It's the same when we "cold set" a steel frame, we stretch it beyond the yield point, and it returns to a new position.

So back to the spokes, your jammed foot overloaded the wheel, and now some spokes are longer than they used to be, and the wheel is out of line. The good news is that the spokes are probably as strong as before (or very close) so once you re-align the wheel it'll be as good as new.

If you bent it too far out of line, the rim will also have been cold set and if the rim is fairly stiff, you won't be able to have even tension and an aligned wheel at the same time, since there'll be variance in tension to overpower the bent rim and force it into line. The amount of variation needed depends on the strength of the rim and how much it was bent.