I don't know what that's called, but spookily, 10 minutes ago, I was thinking that something like this would be a really good way to secure a wheelset! It has the advantage over modern locking skewers in that it presumeably clamps down just as hard as the original QR, which modern locking skewers like the Pitlock system don't (the Pitlock website advises against using them with horizontal dropouts) If you do find out any more, please post it here!
The description of the tool as star-shaped does suggest that it could be a Torx fitting, but then again it could have been a proprietary one. Are you trying to remove the wheels without the tool, by any chance?