Nice-looking bike!
Ya know, the fit really doesn't look that bad. The bars are up as high as they can go- and really, they're not that low. Seat height looks O-K. Your knees do look awfully close to the bars though....and you do look kind of scrunched up. Looks like you might be able to slide the seat back a little- that would likely help.
The tough part is: Figuring out if your problems are just from not being used to a road bike position....or the fit...or a little of both.
I say ride it a bit, and see if the comfort issues/pain goes away, and if no new issues pop up. I'd say that your perfect size would be somewhere around a 54 or 55....but you never know, you may be able to make this work...for at least a while, anyway.
Not for nothing, but have you actually measured your height lately? Only reason I ask, is because I always thought I was 6'- but in the process of measuring myself for a bike, I found out I'm only 5'10" (Good thing I checked- I almost ordered the wrong size bike!)
Sweet-looking bike for $600! Looks like it's more expensive. I hope you can make it work!