Audax or winter trainer style road bikes have long drop caliper brakes (47-57mm) so can have more clearance for tyres up to about 28mm and fenders. Jamis Satellite, Surley pacer and Soma ES are US versions of this style. There are probably some more mainstream aluminium/carbon fork versions with long drop brakes but they escape me.
Disc brakes are useful if you need more clearance or ride in mucky winter conditions.