Padded lycra bike shorts or bibs on pretty much every bike. Upper body depends on the weather and can be wool, cotton, synthetic or any combination of those. Regarding helmets, its funny, if i'm using a modern road bike i'll grab the helmet without even thinking but on the older bikes i feel silly wearing a modern helmet....may pay the price for that vanity one day.

Should mention i'm talking about workout/training rides not trips to the store .