You need to ensure the RD is shifting to each cog properly by looking at it shift from behind, with no chain in the way. If the cogs line up with the jockey wheel but it won't shift the chain, you could try letting out the B screw to get the jockey wheel closer, or maybe your cogs are worn (since you have a fresh chain, it's not that). Otherwise, your RD isn't indexing properly for some reason.
Originally Posted by
Retro Grouch
Whenever I encounter a bike with a rear shifting problem that doesn't respond to normal tuneing, the first thing that I do is to check the derailleur hanger alignment. Most of the time - that's it.
And the rest of the time, it's an incorrectly clamped cable. The only other thing that could cause the derailleur to shift further than it should is shifter/RD/cog spacing mismatch. If it's not shifting as far as it should, it might also be damaged cable housing.
BTW, any Shimano RD should work with that shifter and the correct 3.95mm 10s cog spacing, except 8s Dura Ace and MTB stuff called Dynasys or something (10s MTB
AFAIK).