Shopping around, I think a threadless adapter with a fairly shallow rise stem might be the way to go. As I said, I think moving them forward is as important as moving them up. I think that if I get a LITTLE bit of height on the stem adapter and a LITTLE bit of rise on the stem, I can probably get that extra inch or so without drawing a ton of attention to it. The bike in question is an 80s Cannondale, which I think will respond a little better to the modern aesthetic than would a lugged frame of that vintage. I think it's gonna work.
As long as it looks better than the LAST time I did this kind of fix, I'll be happy.

Looked stupid, but it was totally comfortable.