My range is about 50 miles, on a 48V 15Ahr battery, containing about 720 watt hours of energy. That is if I pedal moderately, and average 14 watt hours per mile, and keep my speed down, maybe averaging 17mph. If I pedal harder and boost my speed to average over 20mph, my watt hours per mile might go up to 20, due to the increased wind resistance, which is a cubic function of speed. Add another pack and I'm good for over 80 miles before I'm tired, having pedalled continuously over that distance, but just nicely tired with no sore spots. Either direct drive or freewheeling geared motors let you contribute meaningful assistance through pedalling depending on how you feel, or not. The virtues of PAS ("pedal assist") are virtually nil - a throttle lets you pedal just as much, but with greater intentionality. You can just as easily limit your amps through a CycleAnalyst to force yourself to pedal more, but I never bother. I just pedal as much as I feel like - power is power, energy is energy, whether delivered through PAS control or throttle control or torque sensing like a Bionx. PAS is a neat concept -on paper, but it is just unnecessary control on your intentionality/freedom to use as much power as you want, when you want it - for example - do you want to be limited to PAS when you are accelerating to get through an intersection fast? I want full throttle at that moment. The only PAS that is really any good, is torque sensing PAS, not RPM based PAS (crank rpm), such as a Bionx or THUN bottom bracket torque sensor. It works great - but I still prefer a throttle. A lot the cheap controllers support rpm-based PAS due to the overly restrictive European legislation mandating PAS aka "Pedelec", with the circular ring of magnets that go around your crank axle.