Those are lousy calipers. I have owned bikes using them. Still have one.

In a road bike of that type and price all of the parts of the brake system are possible contributors to the problem. Are the wheels painted? Are they steel? I have seen a couple of bikes in that price point with painted wheels and rim brakes. If this is the case, you need a new bike.

New double pivot caliper brakes would help, but cost almost as much as the bike, or more installed. If the wheels are painted even new calipers would not be satisfactory.