Welcome to the forum. Bicycle maintenance covers a lot of ground, so good references to the many systems of a bike can be found at
http://www.parktool.com/blog/repair-help
http://sheldonbrown.com/repair/index.html
Different types of lube are used for different applications, grease for bearings (there are plenty of bicycle greases available, but some folks just use light GP Grease or marine grease), chain lube for chain and such. AVOID WD-40 for lubing the chian, it is ok for cleaning a grungy old chain, but is more of a solvent than a lube. BOTH the sites listed will have step-by-step on how the components work and how to take apart, service, and reassemble them....YOUTUBE is also good. Lots of little 3-5 min clips on doing various bits. It isn't rocket science, but it can get complicated.

Paint...lots of folks here prefer to keep original paint, part of that C&V vibe (patina) but if it is bad...you can have it repainted. An automotive paint or a powder-coated paint-job is usually best, decals, sometimes hard to find specific ones...and good ones are NOT cheap.

Lots of different bar wrap available, many different "feels" available. I like the ones with cork in them...give a nice cushion and absorb sweat.

Pictures of your ride...ALWAYS liked around here, especially if asking a specific question about a specific bit.

IF you are just starting off with a new old bike, Wheel bearings, bottom-bracket bearings, cables, chain, adjust seat-post, stem, brakes, shifters....a good starting place.

Good Luck