1. Make sure you have a proper HELMET!
2. Proper padded bike shorts make longer rides MUCH more tolerable.
3. Don't switch gears when pedaling hard. Let up a little and switch. This save A LOT of wear and tear on your chain and drivetrain.
4. Downshift when you are coming to a stop so it's easy to get going again.
5. Downshift BEFORE you get into a big hill.
6. Yes, gloves definitely help.