Originally Posted by
Tesgin
Okay. I'm embarrassed to ask this, but here goes...
To what degree should one pull "up" on the backstroke when pedaling?
Not.
Cleats are good because they keep your feet from slipping off the pedals even in high force, high cadence, and slippery situations. They keep your foot stuck to the pedal when you're moving aft to smooth out the dead spots at 6 and 12 o'clock. When you stop with one foot un-clipped they make it easy to have your starting foot in a forward high-leverage position to resume moving.
They're not good for pulling up which actually decreases efficiency, with the resulting pelvis instability and circular base of motion for the other leg one cause.
Here's a relevant article:
http://www.over40cyclist.com/correct...ing-technique/