Can't answer without seeing it, but 99% (maybe only 98%) of these types pf incidents involve the tire blowing off the rim.
Understand that the tube is only a rubber bladder, aka balloon, and has no mechanical strength to speak of. At anything over 5psi it will expand to fill all available space, and like any balloon will burst if not contained. It's the tire that provides the shape, the same way the stitched leather shapes a football.
If you're 100% sure the tire didn't come off the rim anyplace, open it up carefully, and remove the tube, and locate the burst spot. If it's on the rim side, look at the rim carefully and see if the rim strip isn't covering a hole completely (applies to double wall rims).
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