Most likely your saddle is too low. This accounts for the pain in front of and above the knee.

And certainly you're using too hard a gear. This accounts for the pain at the sides of the knee.

The big ring is for racers going fast. New cyclists tend to use too hard a gear and pedal at too low a cadence thinking this is somehow "more efficient", or that struggling along "gives a better workout". The easier gears are there for a reason--so you can take it easy on your knees. You compensate for the reduced speed by pedaling faster.

Stay out of the big ring unless you're whizzing along above 20 or 22 MPH. Use easier gears and spin faster (keep a higher cadence). Work your way up to a cadence of around 90 RPM. (For most of us over 50, the big ring is purely decorative.)

When I started out, this was exactly my problem. I used too hard a gear and maintained a cadence between 50 and 60 RPM. The first time I got my cadence up to 72 RPM, I thought my legs were going to fly right out of my hip sockets. These days, my measured average is in the mid-90s with peaks of 110-115.