Originally Posted by
xybaby
Thanks for the explanation. A very simple example:
Can I use 9 speed rear MTB derailleur on 10 speed cassette?
Can I use 9 speed MTB crankset on a 10 speed drivedrain with 9 speed FD?
This is where the generational match question arises. I don't track specific models, but often the cable response ratio for mtn derailleurs is different than that of road derailleurs, so mixing platforms won't work. You need to check the specific compatibility before starting the project.
Likewise, some companies have slightly more chainring separation on mtn cranks than on road, since you're already using a narrower chain (10s vs 9s), more separation isn't good. OTOH it may work, just something to be attentive to.
The crankset chainring separation is also an issue for indexing FD levers, since the travel may be inadequate. Correcting for this is harder on a triple than a double, so it could be an issue.
This is beginning to sound like one of those "if you need to ask, it's beyond you" threads. Many of these mixed setups can be made workable, but many cannot. It goes down to the specifics, and even in the best of cases can be more demanding of mechanical skill. I can't help you more, and suggest you find a friend or bike co-op to advise on compatibility, and walk you through the trickier patches if you go ahead.