This probably gets asked relatively often, but the answers probably change too, so

My two cameras (a 7 year old P&S and a 5 year old DSLR) have died, so I need a camera to replace them. The main use is cycle touring, with a bit of hiking. I'd really like something rugged, and weatherproof if possible. (I don't need to take it kayaking, but I'd like not to worry about a few drops of rain). One hand operation is essential, and a long battery life is a big plus (4 days without a charge). Fitting in a jersey pocket is sort of nice, but not really essential - I have lots of other bags (from Revelate) that it could tuck into.
Given all the above requirements, I would prefer a compact that is more DSLR-like: I would absolutely love to be able to fit a polariser, if any such such camera existed.
Anyone have any recommendations?

Thanks.