Step 1. Borrow some touring gear (a couple panniers, a tent, a sleeping bag) and do an overnight tour.
You'll answer some of your own questions on that weekend. You'll get an idea of how much it might cost in terms of camping and food. You'll get some idea of what's out there in terms of shelter, etc. And you'll start to figure out what you want in the way of supplies.
For example, you may borrow a tent and discover that it is too heavy, or too small, or maybe just perfect. You might borrow a sleeping bag and discover that it is too bulky, too cold, or just right.
And that way, you'll have an idea of what you're looking for.
You could ask what we like in the way of tents etc., but you'll get 37 different answers. It's a good idea if you've got an idea of the features you might like.
A tent thread:
http://www.bikeforums.net/showthread...rands-of-tents