Most light training aircraft are certified in the Utility category, and are approved by the FAA for both inverted flight and spins. Because it's not unheard of that students manage to wind up in those flight attitudes, without really trying to.

A physics major could probably calculate the load factor applied to a rudder by an 800 lb single engine 2-seater, compared to a 300,000+ pound Airbus 300-600, at full deflection, too. But I can't.