Found this recently on Flashing vs steady lights. One of the responses references some research, one of which is actualy related to snowplows, but still has some relevance.

headlights - Safety data: Which is safer, head/tail lights which blink or emit a steady beam? - Bicycles Stack Exchange

Ultimately I think I will try to have a steady and a flashing light on my bike, spaced apart a bit if possible, to cover all my bases.