In New York and, I believe, most states the shoulder isn't considered part of the road for this purpose, so "as far to the right..." refers to the driving lanes, excluding the shoulder. This (practical) itself is is subject to interpretation. I tend to ride about 3-4 feet into the lane, moving over to allow passing when necessary and safe. I adjust this according to pavement and road condition.

I was once (in 45 years) pulled over by a cop who lectured me about my position on a road where the right side was in bad shape. While I was listening to this lecture his supervisor happened by and stopped (two cop cars for one bike) and asked what was up. When he was brought up to speed, he looked at the road, and asked the first cop "where the %$%^&#@ do you expect him to ride?" and sent me on my way with best wishes for my safety.

Regardless of the law, if you ride with a decent "share the road" attitude the police will leave you alone.