Typically, in bikes for $500 and less, about all I would suggest is that named components are typically better than numbered components. So, even though Acera and Alivio are at the bottom of the named groups, they are a step above those identified only by number. (although the named groups also have numbers. )

However, if you buy a hybrid in the $500 range from a bike shop, you will get reliable components. I bought my Giant Sedona DX 10 years ago for $350, and have rode for over 4,000 miles, and weighed anywhere from 300 to 365 during those years, and never had a problem with any components. I broke 1 spoke, and replaced tires a few times, but otherwise it was reliable. I believe it has a non-named (number only) front derailleur, and an Alivio rear derailleur...

I just upgraded to a used 2011 Trek 7.3 FX and it has a Deore rear derailleur, and I honestly don't really notice a difference component-wise, but the bike's geometry fits my riding style better.

Your bigger choices should really be made depending on how you expect to ride it. i.e. road only? some trails? mostly trails? commuting? Hybrids come in a mix of configurations from comfort bikes to flat bar road bikes...