I'm surprised that your doctor didn't mention plantar fascitis when you were in to see him. It's probably the most common foot problem around. It's worth a visit to the podiatrist to confirm.

Plantar Fasciitis - Symptoms, Treatments, Causes of Plantar Fasciitis - from WebMD

That said, you need arch support to prevent it. It's probably better to have too much arch support than too little and I think most people tend to underestimate the depth of their arch because it flattens when they stand on it (part of the whole problem). Once you have it, you need to be very careful to wear proper arch support until it heals - like no barefoot, like putting the orthotics in all your shoes, etc... Bike shoes, above all, typically have the *worst* arch support of all to the point of being laughable. My Sidis come with an insole that is a stretch to even call it an "insole". Some shoes are getting better about this but in general, the stock insoles in cycling shoes just suck.

Specialized dealers have three sets of their BG insoles for low, medium (blue) and high (green) arches. You stand on this thing and it tells you which one to pick. Even when they do that, if you show up as low or medium, I'd try the next size or two higher arch - you'll know when you find the one that works for you almost instantly. Also, the good thing about these is that they also have a metatarsal arch support ( that's the spot towards the front of your regular arch that is the arch that is in place for your toes. Look it up, hard to explain). This also can be crucial for foot pain and needs good support. My understanding is that people with high arches tend to need support there too.

As for the taping, it's sort of a stop gap thing. If the tape slips or if your arches are high, it's not going to do the deal. The problem with this stuff is that PF is sort of like a sprain - once you stretch it, it starts hurting and won't stop until you allow it to heal by either staying off of it or making sure you have consistent quality support. So you can try the tape thing, but you'd be way better off to get insoles. Even if this isn't the problem, having insoles is kind of a big deal anyhow. Most people feel a lot more "connected" to their bike when they have proper alignment of their foot with the pedal so that the foot is completely engaged and not just part of it (or the foot is pronating or supinating).

Anyhow, hope that helps.

J.