Originally Posted by
Al1943
I don't mean to sound argumentative but the cf steer tube that I broke was a 1 1/8" Colnago Carbon Star that retails for $850. The stem is a two bolt Syntace. This happened 10 years ago as I was building up the bike (I still ride with a new fork). The only torque specs I could find were shown on the stem, 8 nm. Using a 1/4" torque wrench I alternated tightening the two bolts. The steer tube broke just before reaching 8 nm. Since that time I've read everything I've been able to find on the subject of tightening stems on cf components and the only information I've seen is that one manufacturer has a torque tool that releases a ratchet at 5 nm. By experimentation I've concluded that 5 nm is more than enough.
You're not being argumentative. This is what happened. I suspect, but can't possibly know that the stem was off spec. I say this because it's nea impossible to crush a cylinder with even pressure.
In the early days of carbon seat posts, it was easy to crack one if the seat tube was ovalized at the top, or if the clamp was built in a way that allowed the ears to dig in as they tightened. In the end, carbon post makers engaged is some self defense and thickened the tube to resist the distortion that poor fits caused. With time, seat post clamps and stems evolved to ensure even clamping without distortion.
Take a look at the clamp below.

Notice the thin areas where the ears attach to the ring, Under compression load, the ears deflect driving the corners near the slot inward.
Now look at a more recent design
Notice how the ears are built up and extend forward compared to the ring. This allows more clamping force without the ears bending together. This type of design prevents the type of local radial stress at the slot that the older type caused.
You'll see similar changes in stems, with greater stiffening of the transition of ring to ear.
I don't know the design of the Syntace stem you had, so can't say whether it's construction was a factor, but I will say that the early days of carbon posts and steerers were the wild west, and the early adopters were essentially beta testers, and lot's has been learned at their expense.
In any case, I do agree with you about the torque on bolts. This is why I advised the OP solve his issue with finesse rather than brute force. For my part, I don't use torque wrenches, and tighten all hardware to the
minimum torque that does the job. When I have a choice, I prefer to reduce clamping force by improving fit or traction.