There are a lot of good chrome-moly steel road or mountain bikes from the 1980s-90s that would fit the bill. Stick with bike store quality bikes like Giant, Specialized, Fuji, Trek, Raleigh, Schwinn (beware there are some low-end Schwinns that weren't as good) etc.
Older mountain bikes or hybrids, which in that era were basically mountain bikes with 700c wheels, make good general purpose bikes and have eyelets for fenders and/or a rack.
Try your local bike shops for a used bike or find a bike co-op. You'll fare better there than on CL or EBay if you "have no idea what I'm looking for". There are lots of seemingly minor things that can be wrong with a bike that are deal breakers so working with a reputable bike seller is better than buying from a random stranger if you don't know what to watch out for.