Looks all shiny and new.

Try this: shift to the smallest cog, then without pedalling, shift back a few clicks, which will pull on the cable pretty hard (but don't do it as hard as you can, maybe 1/4 of that). Now pedal forward to take the tension off the cable, then release the shifter all the way again so you're in the smallest cog once more.

Now, shift a click back up the cassette. Don't freak out if the chain doesn't shift onto the next cog; that's a good thing because it means you've bedded in the cable system (mostly the housing ferrules, maybe poorly-done under-tape routing too). Just wind out the derailer's barrel adjuster until the chain shifts onto the next cog, and keep winding until the pulleys are centred below the cog.

If the problem's been addressed, now you can compare the shift up and down the cassette and fine-tune to equalise the response.

If not, it's time to check the hanger alignment, and if that doesn't sort it, go over the cable system with a fine-tooth comb, removing as much friction as possible.

...Now I take another look at your pics, I can see a kink in the cable before the pinch bolt. That's not cool... cable kinks add springiness to the system, something you can ill afford on Shimano 10s.

Any kinks like that need to be straightened with pliers, and if you have anything like that inside the housing the cable should be replaced.

Also, you should twist those loose strands onto the end before they get bent and you can't.