If there is enough clearance, then yes. Rim brakes would be a problem though as they probably wouldn't line up.

There's also 650B which falls in between and is gaining some popularity on off road bikes. Used to the see 650c on Tri bikes.

Some people will put 650B wheels on a standard road bike as a way to get additional clearance for wider tires, but you will also need to replace the brake calipers.