I very much like the Mark Rippentoe book Starting Strength, very thorough and uncompromising on how to build strength. I think he recommends 3x5 instead of 5x5 but at my level of novice and weakness I dont think this matters. I'm moving the weight up by 5 or 10 lbs each time I go in the gym and can feel the gains after only the first 5 workouts. Even though I walk away from the gym knowing I can do more weight or reps, I feel the gains in my body. So I'm sticking with the program.
The strength workout only takes 30-45 minutes 3 days per week, so I still have plenty of time in my schedule to get some good rides in on the trainer and long rides on the road on the weekend. I'll need to add some significant protein to my diet (get it to 100+g/day) and I expect that recovery will become and issue in a few months. I'll worry about the recovery when I don't make gains anymore...
So far so good.